利弊类大作文，科技类话题

In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless. The only people travelling inside these vehicles will be passengers.

Do you think the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantages?

题目来源：剑16Test4大作文

题目大意

在未来，所有汽车、公交车和卡车将采用无人驾驶，人们只需要作为乘客乘坐车辆，你认为无人驾驶优点是否大于缺点？

思路解析

这是一道利弊类大作文，讨论的是无人驾驶的话题，题目本身不难理解利弊类话题需要论证利大于弊、弊大于利或者有利有弊即可。下面月半鸭就带大家一起来看下无人驾驶的利弊各自有哪些。

首先来看弊端，主要有3方面。

一是全部采用无人驾驶的话，意味着不再大量的出租车司机、公交车司机和卡车司机，他们都将面临失业问题，进而对他们的收入和维持生活将产生负面的影响。

二是采用无人驾驶意味着个人会不会开车和能否拥有自己私家车不再有着必然联系，以前人们会开车后才能去买车开，采用无人驾驶后人们即使不会开车也能买私家车来乘坐。这可能会导致私家车的拥有量进一步上升，进而产生更多的环境问题、交通道路压力以及停车位不足等问题。

三是无人驾驶需要依靠AI程序来完成，这意味着系统有受到其他人入侵并进行操作的风险，进而对乘坐人的财产或生命安全造成威胁。.并且无人驾驶也需要依靠网络信号等辅助，一旦出现断电断网的情况，无人驾驶可能会完全瘫痪无法使用

再来看好处，主要有3方面。

一是提高了驾驶安全性。相较于有人驾驶，无人驾驶从根本上防止了司机可能会发下的各类错误，比如酒驾、疲劳驾驶、冲动操作等等，避免了这些人为因素所导致的交通事故和人员伤亡。（这里我们假定了无人驾驶技术是成熟的，也就是其本身不会因为判断错误、无法有效识别周围人或物导致交通事故，不然也不用谈好处了。）

二是因为不再需要驾驶员操作，对于原本的开车出行的驾驶员来说可以在路上获得更多自由支配的时间。

三是无人驾驶汽车能够信息互联和监控路况的情况，可以更好地规划路线，减少集中拥堵的概率，改善道路通行情况。

范文示例

In the era of extensive research on driverless technology, people have more or less understanding of unmanned driving. Currently, the driverless vehicles are being put into trial in China, and some achievements have been made on the prescribed roads. It seems to me that although there is no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit， the demerits of the application of driverless overshadow its merits at present.

First of all, the use of driverless cars may exert several social problems. On the one hand, the popularity of autopilot will inevitably make professional drivers lose their jobs by driving business vehicles. It is because that a self driving lorry without faults can operate continuously and ensure safety for 24 hours，by which I mean it can produce multiple benefits that human driving is hard to achieve. On the other hand, driverless has also greatly increased car ownership. In other words, according to the characteristics of autopilot, some people who do not have the driving ability may also have this kind of transportation. The number of cars will increase substantially, but this is not always a good thing，which may bring some other problems, such as parking spaces will become more intense.

Second, the popularity of driverless also has great potential risks. Autopilot is more like a robot, which is controlled by established procedures and AI chips. For all automated systems, there is always a risk of hacking or crashing because of faults or bug，by which I mean if hackers can enter the vehicle system,  and the car may be controlled to do anything. Moreover, after the accident, it is difficult for us to determine the responsible party of the accident, so that the victims cannot get due compensation.

There is no denying that driverless applications can save lives. According to statistics, 90% of the road traffic accidents are caused by human errors, including the proportion of distraction, fatigue, drunk driving and speeding. A total of 1 million 300 thousand people are killed every year in the world, with 60 thousand people in China alone, but the self driving vehicle will eliminate all the accidents caused by human error factors, which will greatly reduce the incidence of accidents. However, all this needs to be built on the basis of the technology improvement of the driverless car itself and its supporting system equipment, such as cameras, navigation, etc., otherwise, driverless driving will bring disaster to people.

In conclusion, at present, unmanned driving technology is still more drawbacks than benefits，but if the government and related technology research and development can make further efforts, we believe that this technology can be effectively applied in the future. After all, unmanned driving is the first step for human beings to move towards the AI era.

相关词汇和语法结构

Distraction  分散注意力

unmanned  无人操作的

prescribe  规定；命令

incidents  严重事件

navigation  导航