按照骨骼的性质划分：

• Vertebrate / ˈvɜ:rtɪbrət / n脊椎动物

• Invertebrate /ɪn ˈvɜ:rtɪbrət/ n无脊椎动物

  （考题7 reading passage1：One question was related to evidence that the invertebrate fauna (animals without spines) of the Mediterranean had changed abruptly about 6 million years ago.）

按照生活环境划分:

• Amphibian /æmˈfɪbiən/ n两栖动物

  （考题40 reading passage3：In contrast to mammals and birds,amphibians are unable to produce thermal energy through their metabolic activity）

• Aquatic /əˈkwætɪk/ adj水生的

  （考题44 reading passage1：they had radiated into almost all availableaquatic habitats）

• Terrestrial /təˈrestriəl/ adj陆地的；陆栖的；陆生的

  （考题44 reading passage1：One of the most significant evolutionary events that occurred on Earth was the transition of water-dwelling fish to terrestrial tetrapods.）

而如果要细分到某一种具体物种的分类，要经过七层划分，请看下图

从下到上依次是：

• Kingdom /ˈkɪŋdəm/ n界

• phylum /ˈfaɪləm/ n门

• class /klæs/ n纲

• order /ˈɔ:rdə(r)/ n目

• family /ˈfæməli/ n科

• genus /ˈdʒi:nəs/ n属

• species /ˈspi:ʃi:z/ n种

首先是昆虫（insect）类：

• Larva /ˈlɑ:rvə/ n幼虫，幼体

• Pest /pest/ n害虫，害兽，害鸟

• Worm /wɜ:rm/ n蠕虫

两栖动物amphibian：

• Turtle /ˈtɜ:rtl/ n龟

• Snake /sneɪk/ n蛇

• Toad /toʊd/蟾蜍

  (考题25 listening lecture1: But the cane toad itself became a pest and has destroyed much of the wildlife on that continent.)

• Lizard /ˈlɪzərd/n蜥蜴

  (考题21 listening lecture3: Probably back in some previous biology course you learned that snakes evolved from lizards)

• Chameleon /kəˈmi:liən/ n变色龙

• Crocodile /ˈkrɑ:kdaɪl/ n鳄鱼

水生动物Aquatic animal：

• Dolphin /ˈdɑ:lfɪn/ n海豚

• Whale /weɪl/ n鲸鱼

• Shrimp /ʃrɪmp/ n小虾

• Prawn /prɔ:n/ n对虾，大虾，明虾

• Lobster /ˈlɑ:b stə(r)/ n龙虾

• Crab /kræb/ n螃蟹

• Clam /klæm/ 蛤蜊，蚌

• Coral /ˈkɔ:rəl; ˈkɑ:rəl/ n珊瑚

  (考题27 listening lecture1: And there's another technique that's been experimented with to try to help coral reefs recover from bleaching.)

• Seal /si:l/ n海豹

• Octopus /ˈɑ:ktəpəs/ n章鱼

  (考题17 listening lecture4: The octopus is prey to many species, including humans, so how does it escape its predators?)

• Otter /ˈɑ:tər/ n水獭

陆生动物Terrestrial animal：

• Gorilla /gəˈrɪlə/ n大猩猩

• Chimpanzee /ˌtʃɪmpænˈzi:/ n黑猩猩

• Baboon /bæˈbu:n/ n狒狒

• Microbe /ˈmaɪkroʊb/ n微生物

  (考题53 reading passage2: High moisture and temperatures speed the growth of soil microbes that decompose organic compounds)

• Bacteria /bækˈtɪriə/ n细菌

• Virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n病毒

• Subsist /səbˈsɪst/ v存在，有效/维持度日

• Exist /ɪgˈzɪst/ v存在，实际上有/生活，生存

• Secrete /sɪˈkri:t/ v分泌

  (考题17 reading passage3: The ants live in large, hollow thorns and eat sugarsecreted by the tree.)

• Assimilate /əˈsɪməleɪt/ v消化，吸收

• Breed /bri:d/ v交配，繁殖/喂养（注意过去式bred，过去分词bred）

• Proliferate /prəˈlɪfəreɪt/ v迅速繁殖（或增殖）；猛增

• Propagate /ˈprɑ:pəgeɪt/ v繁殖；增殖

  (考题9 reading passage3: These plants propagate by producing spores–tiny fertilized cells that contain all the instructions for making a new plant–but the spore are unprotected by any outer coating and carry no supply of nutrient.)

• Evolve /iˈvɑ:lv/ n进化，演化

  (考题39 listening lecture4: Cows and goats have evolved highly specialized digestive systems that allow them to metabolize cellulose.)

• Darwinism /ˈdɑ:r wɪnɪzəm/ n达尔文主义（查尔斯·达尔文于 19 世纪创立的学说，认为生物通过自然选择而进化）

• Extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ adj已经毁灭的

• Extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n灭种

那么还是一些相关的单词:

• Immune /ɪˈmju:n/ adj有免疫力的

  (考题17 reading passage3: In vertebrates, the immune system provides a multiple defense against internal parasites.)

• Immunity /ɪˈmju:nəti/ n免疫力

• Metabolism /məˈtæbəlɪzəm/ n新陈代谢

  (考题23 reading passage1: The city is an extraordinary processor of mass and energy and has its own metabolism)

• Morphology /mɔ:rˈfɑ:lədʒi/ n形态学

• Microscope /ˈmaɪkrəskoʊp/ n显微镜

• Calorie /ˈkæləri/ n卡路里

• Glucose /ˈglu:koʊs; ˈglu:koʊz/ n葡萄糖

  (考题18 listening lecture4: In frogs, the extra glucose makes it harder for the winter inside the cells to freeze.

• Protein /ˈproʊti:n/ n蛋白质