一些人认为科学研究应该由政府而不是私人企业开展和控制。是否同意？

这是一道观点类大作文，讨论的是科学研究是否应该由政府控制而不是私人公司。要注意的是，题目中讨论的限定对象“Scientific research”、“government”和“private companies”，因此要围绕着这三点展开，这道题无论同意反对都是可以写的，只需要明确另一方的问题阐明己方的优势即可。下面月半鸭就和大家分别来看下政府和私人公司在科学研究上的利弊。

先来看私人公司的作用。

首先，要明确的是，私人公司是带有盈利目的的，因此在科技研发上会追求两件事，一是效率，二是这项技术所能带来的市场收益。一项技术能够带来高收益，意味着私人公司也愿意去投入成本来研发。而且由于市场竞争的关系，私人公司只有越早研发出这项技术并投入应用，才能在市场竞争中通过先发优势和专利壁垒获得收益，

因此，一些技术交由私人公司研发确实会有助于加快其研发速度，减轻政府的经济负担。

但是，私人公司的问题也很明显，因为其注重的是公司收益而非社会整体利益，因此不会愿意投入一些没有收益的基础科学研究，此外一些关系到人类安全或是百姓生计的研究交由一家私人公司控制也过于危险。

因此，这也是政府的作用。

一是一些短期内看不到市场收益但是关系到全人类进步的基础科学应有政府控制和开展，这些研究往往跨度时间长、投入成本高，需要一直持续而且不断试错。

二是一些事关人类安全和民生的科学研究也应由政府掌控，比如核能、军事技术、病毒研究等等，以此来让这些技术的安全，不会在日常威胁到民众的安全。

当然，让政府掌控所有技术研发也是不现实的，因为其产生的财政和人力成本的负担都是非常巨大的。

Ever since the age of enlightenment, scientists are carrying out their researches. Nowadays scientific researches are regarded as one of the most significant contributors to human being’s progression. From the ownership perspective, they are either delivered by governments or private companies. I tend to agree that government should control most of the research projects.

Surely, private companies are famous for their high efficiency in producing and decent quality-control of the goods, which are the products of intensive business competitions. Trying to occupy a role in the market, private companies put their focus on the user-friendliness and effectiveness of their products. The safety or technology innovation property of the product always does not come first.  Sometimes even illegal compositions are used in the manufacturing process for gaining more profit.

The same issues are usually not found in a government-controlled project. Instead of the marketplace, countries compete in the arena of global range. Technological advancement is always the ultimate goal to pursue. Innovative ideas are easier realized in this circumstance. Also, the government has a stronger financial background to support some of the research projects that are too expensive for a private one to afford, such as the ones needing huge and precise equipment.

Additionally, some technologies suchlike nuclear power are too dangerous to be held in private hands which could be turned into massive destruction weapons that intimidate the existence of civilizations, if controlled by the wrong group. Governments should always have full control of these scientific researches.

In a nutshell, government controlled scientific research which possesses the properties of innovation and security. Also it is a responsibility for government to control all the potentially dangerous technologies.

Enlightenment启蒙

Innovative革新的